Apples advantage comes mostly from manufacturing the whole stack, i.e. the hardware and software, as well as merging CPU, GPU and memory on a single chip. This allows for far more optimization, which is where most of the efficiency comes from. Running Linux on apple silicon is just as fast as on a x86 processor, it’s just not optimized.
I have high expectations for the framework ryzen version regarding efficiency, if tuned right we should get at least a lot closer to Apples battery runtimes.