@Alex_H, what do the kernel messages look like when you first plug in your external nvme into a usb4 capable slot? Or, if you are you booting from this external nvme, do you have earlier messages?
What I see in your screenshot is that your are interfacing with a generic scsi device, not nvme. This could indicate that your external pci/nvme controller downgraded the communication to basic usb and the controller is now emulating scsi. These errors could also be a symptom, but I think the primary issue started when the kernel (or previous) negotiated with this device initially.