ESD, arcing, USB not being designed for it, and Volta’s adapter trying to do 20Gbps Thunderbolt. You can’t protect high speed data lines cheaply or in a small package.
And in a package this tiny? Not even if money was no object.
That tells you they did not concern themselves with protection.
See the Full Power Magnetic Charging Card thread. Particularly posts by members like Jonathan_Haas & Adrian_Joachim
You’ll also find at least one report of a Volta adapter killing a device. Countless more if you expand your search outside our forum.