My Windows 10, 11th gen Framework USB ports sometimes only accept USB 2 speed connections. You can see if a device is connected at USB 3 speeds by going to the “Bluetooth and other devices” settings and seeing if your device says “Connected to USB 3.0”.
I’ve found that when a USB port is being particularly finicky, it won’t allow a USB 3 device to show up at all unless you force it to connect at USB 2 speeds. With USB-A, I’ve found I can insert the connection halfway until the drive appears and then insert it the rest of the way. Of course, this results in the slow USB 2 speeds, but at least the drive does appear in this case.
Uninstalling and reinstalling the USB drivers has worked occasionally for me to get things working with USB 3 again. Also shutting down and leaving the machine off for a while. Another thing that seemed to work once was removing all 4 framework expansion cards and then putting them back in.
Here are other threads talking about “quirky” USB problems:
http://community.frame.work/t/responded-quirky-usb-port/
http://community.frame.work/t/responded-1tb-expansion-card-disconnects-randomly
http://community.frame.work/t/samsung-external-ssd-not-recognized/
http://community.frame.work/t/connectivity-problems-with-external-drive-when-connecting-over-usb-c/
http://community.frame.work/t/responded-usb-a-an-ongoing-problem/