This looks exactly like the graphical corruption I got when I was being bit by the infamous FW16 GPU freeze bug.
In my case, it took a mainboard replacement to resolve it. Some people have reported success with kernel arguments or BIOS updates (though it seems like you’re running a recent enough version that it should be fine?). There are discussions about the issue here, without really a clear resolution:
You might try the kernel arguments that other people have tried, or you might talk to Framework support about the issue. One way or another it definitely seems to be an issue on Framework’s side.