I’m 99% sure this would be the same issue as described here: Frozen after booting and logging in
I worked through this just yesterday. You have to force an improper shutdown via holding down power button. Then boot back up and you’ll get the GRUB boot menu of available kernel versions (you might also be able to hold Esc during normal boot to achieve this, no force shutdown required).
Pick the latest kernel and boot into it. You should be able to log in fine with no gray screen. Open a terminal and run sudo grubby --set-default-index=0 to make the change permanent.
I also followed these steps to hopefully make Fedora always set a new default kernel upon upgrade: [TRACKING] PSA: Possible Fedora bug: after updating kernel, system still defaults to booting old kernel
It’s extremely strange that the distribution isn’t doing this by default (broken since Fedora 39?!). On recent AMD hardware the system should absolutely be booting into the latest available installed kernel unless told otherwise. Especially given the fact that Mesa/linux-firmware will be upgrading independently of the kernel as well.
Fedora 41 isn’t unstable, is it? I thought this was the recommended stable distribution. https://guides.frame.work/Guide/Fedora+41+Installation+on+the+Framework+Laptop+13/393?lang=en