I also ran into this issue and my btrfs partition was completely broken. I managed to recover from backups and some data recovery but it wasn’t fun.
Looks like kernel version 6.6 and above are triggering something weird…
(I reinstalled Ubuntu 22.04 and I’m currently sticking to oem kernel 6.5).
Just to be clear: this isn’t btrfs fault, it’s a data corruption caused by something else (AMD-Vi?)