There are two parts to this user-adjustable / variable force hinge:
- Variable uniformed force.
- Variable rotation-dependent force.
For the 2nd part, there’s this design:
https://www.patentlyapple.com/2017/01/apple-patent-reveals-new-macbook-hinge-system-with-torsion-bar-to-provide-variable-cover-resistance.html
And earlier design:
https://www.mysciencework.com/patent/show/limited-torque-drive-roller-US4103516A