I added the parameter DRI_PRIME=1 in Lutris for all applications, including Steam.
That worked for Factorio! When I change the graph settings, the Factorio game no longer warns about the lack of graph memory. The game also appears to load and run a bit better.
There is a weird issue with Steam where it doesn’t minimize unless I switch to a different window. Steam also shows over everything else. That is something I can learn to live with.