Did you ever figure out anything further about this? I think I’m in a similar situation, with a 12th gen Framework 13 that has never given me audio difficulties before (running up-to-date Arch Linux with Pipewire and the pipewire-pulse compatibility module). I last used the microphone in April with no issues. Just tried it this morning and the built-in (webcam) microphone wasn’t available to most applications under the default pavucontrol profiles.
When I switch to the “Pro Audio” profile, the microphone works as expected, but I don’t get any playback through the speakers or analog headphone jack. So, I basically have to choose between input or output.
I had been using the sof-firmware package to enable audio over HDMI per HDMI audio output? - #21 by WERRY_Brice; using that firmware inhibits the normal “Analog Stereo Duplex” profile. I commented out the “options snd-intel-dspcfg dsp_driver=3” from my /etc/modprobe.d and rebooted to restore the duplex profile option, and now I can again have analog input & output, but no audio over HDMI. I’m convinced there’s no underlying hardware issue (since all of those components work fine in separate configurations) and suspect that a recent (last ~2 months) auto-installed update to some layer of the sound system changed the device detection (most suspiciously, the “Unplugged” annotation on the microphone in the default profile when using sof-firmware).
If anyone else has gotten any further in troubleshooting this, I’d love to hear what you learned.