I’m on Ubuntu with the 13" AMD chupset and had this issue as well. I have a TRRS input for a Stackmat timer (it’s for speedcubing) and it works with 2 other Ubuntu machines I have.
I did
sudoedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
which is a safer option than the tee one above as the tee command will obliterate your current alsa-base.conf file.
I put
options snd-hda-intel index=1,0 model=auto,dell-headset-multi
at the bottom. I tried a few variations, e.g. removing each of the model values but this is the only combo that worked.
I don’t know what the options specify so it’s hard to know if removing one or two is valid.
Either way, it works now with a TRRS connection in Ubuntu 23.10.
James.