Try this:
From the Windows boot media, his Shift+F10 to bring up the command prompt. Then do the following:
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22000.376]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Meep>diskpart
Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.22000.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: JENNY-XJ9
DISKPART> lis dis
Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---
Disk 0 Online 931 GB 438 GB *
Disk 1 Online 59 GB 15 MB
The first drive (which is the biggest) is usually the drive we want to select. Sel is the short-form for Select
DISKPART> sel dis 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> lis par
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 System 195 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Recovery 886 MB 196 MB
Partition 3 Primary 492 GB 1084 MB
DISKPART> sel par 1
Partition 1 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> assign
Technically we only need the first three letters, but the first three characters in assign might get this filtered.
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> lis vol
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 C Windows NTFS Partition 492 GB Healthy Boot
* Volume 1 E SYSTEM FAT32 Partition 195 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 Clone NTFS Partition 886 MB Healthy Hidden
Volume 3 D NTFS Removable 59 GB Healthy
DISKPART> exit
Leaving DiskPart...
Now that we’ve assigned the EFI system partition a drive letter, we can access the drive as though it were any other drive, except we need to be an administrator.
C:\Users\Meep>e:
E:\>dir
Volume in drive E is SYSTEM
Volume Serial Number is BOBA-FE44
Directory of E:\
11/27/2015 12:57 PM <DIR> !efi
09/17/2019 03:18 PM <DIR> $WINDOWS.~SY
12/21/2021 10:06 PM <DIR> EFI
0 File(s) 0 bytes
3 Dir(s) 169,877,504 bytes free
The final line with the Bytes Free indicates how much space the EFI partition has available. In my experience, the firmware requires about 30MB to update successfully. Windows typically makes the partition about 300 MB.
You can now restart the system. If you’re running this on a fully booted, installed Windows instalaltion, then you’ll probably want to tidy up and unassign the drive letter:
E:\>c:
C:\Users\Meep>diskpart
Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.22000.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: JENNY-XJ9
DISKPART> lis vol
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 C Windows NTFS Partition 492 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 1 E SYSTEM FAT32 Partition 195 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 Clone NTFS Partition 886 MB Healthy Hidden
Volume 3 D NTFS Removable 59 GB Healthy
DISKPART> sel vol 1
Volume 1 is the selected volume.
DISKPART> remove
DiskPart successfully removed the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART>
…And you may exit.
Or, in Debian, y’all can just run df and see what it returns.