You could but adding the antennas and other items would be quite difficult especially routing them outside the case (which is metal / will block the signals and harm the range). I would recommend you purchase a USB 3 or 4 to PCIe adapter, this way it gives you easier access and better signal quality.
Plugging it in to the m.2 SSD slot also will leave a lot of performance on the table as WiFi and LTE/5G cards usually only need a PCIe x1 or x2 slot but you are using a whole x4 slot. It would be better to just purchase an external module.