Thats the exact dock I use, though I don’t use windows. My experience with the 11th gen framework laptop on both Linux and FreeBSD is I’ve been having approximately once per day my dock will disconnect for a second causing my screen to flash black and my USB devices to disconnect, and then it will reconnect and everything will go back to normal. So thats a far better experience than what you’re describing which makes me think your dock might be defective. I don’t experience this with my steam deck plugged into my dock but I haven’t tried other thunderbolt devices. I just plugged in a replacement cable (going from 2m 20gbps passive thunderbolt 3 cable to 2m 40bps 100w active thunderbolt 4 cable) to see if that changes anything.
Edit: And my screen just flashed, so the cable can’t be the problem. That leaves the dock and the framework laptop as possible suspects.